The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.
